Manipulating individual decisions and environmental conditions reveal individual quality in decision-making and non-lethal costs of predation risk.

Habitat selection is a crucial decision for any organism.Selecting a high quality site will positively impact survival and reproductive output.Predation risk is an important component of habitat quality that is known to impact reproductive success and individual condition.However, separating the breeding consequences of decision-making of wild anim

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First report of an exotic sap beetle, Phenolia (Lasiodites) picta (Macleay, 1825) (Coleoptera, Nitidulidae) from Iran with notes on its distribution range and damage on different hosts

The sap Organic Dish beetle, Phenolia (Lasiodites) picta (Macleay) (Coleoptera, Nitidulidae), is the first record of this genus and species for the Iranian fauna.The larvae and adults were collected inside ripe fruits of Citrus aurantium, Citrus sinensis var.valencia, Diospyros kaki, Pyrus communis, Polaris P825 Parts Prunus persica var.nectarine a

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